Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders

8 MCQs9-step worked example
Source: NCERT Human PhysiologyPYQ coverage: NEET 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026Official key: NTA-verifiedLast updated: 25 Sep 2026

Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders, explained for NEET

A NEET stem naming the 9th or 12th rib pair is testing whether you remember that only the first 7 pairs attach directly to the sternum. Pairs 8–10 are vertebrochondral (false) ribs — they join the 7th rib's cartilage rather than the sternum itself — and pairs 11–12 are floating ribs with no ventral attachment at all (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 225). Collapsing this three-way split into a binary true/false memory is a common miss.

The skeletal inventory carries the same trap in numeric form. The human skeleton totals 206 bones, split into an axial set of 80 (skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs) and an appendicular set built from four limbs of 30 bones each plus the two girdles (NCERT Chapter 17, page 224, page 226). A skull count of 22 (8 cranial + 14 facial) and a vertebral column of 26 units (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, plus the fused sacral and coccygeal regions) are the two sub-counts NEET asks for directly.

Joints classify by how much movement they allow, not by whether a question implies movement is the default. Fibrous joints — the sutures fusing the flat skull bones — allow no movement. Cartilaginous joints, like the pubic symphysis or the joints between vertebrae, allow limited movement. Only synovial joints, with their fluid-filled cavity, allow considerable movement (NCERT Chapter 17, page 227). Assuming "joint" implies at least some flex is the trap: a suture is rigid by design.

The six named disorders pair a structure with a cause, and NEET swaps the pairing: tetany is a Ca++-deficiency spasm disorder (not uric acid), osteoporosis tracks falling estrogen and bone mass, and gout is uric acid crystal accumulation in joints (NCERT Chapter 17, page 227). Myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy and arthritis complete the six but carry no numeric-swap trap.

Watch out: this dossier's own PYQ pattern is chapter-wide (digestion, breathing, circulation, excretion), not specific to this topic — none of its questions ground this lesson's MCQs or worked example.

Can you answer these Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders MCQs?

Select an option to see the explanation. Wrong answers show why your choice was tempting — and name the exact trap it exploits.

MCQ 1Easy RecallPractice

The total number of bones in the adult human skeletal system is:

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: B. NCERT states the human skeletal system is made up of 206 bones (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 224).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because 200 undercounts by dropping the six girdle bones that sit outside the axial and per-limb totals.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because 216 overcounts; no NCERT figure on this page adds bones beyond 206.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because 186 matches no NCERT subtotal: axial 80 + four limbs 120 = 200, and the girdles add 6 more to make 206.

MCQ 2Easy RecallPractice

The axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs) contains how many bones?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: C. NCERT states the axial skeleton comprises 80 bones distributed along the main axis of the body (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 224).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because 60 falls 20 short; the axial count is skull 22 + hyoid 1 + ear ossicles 6 + vertebral column 26 + sternum 1 + ribs 24 = 80.

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because 100 overcounts the axial skeleton; NCERT gives the exact figure as 80, not a rounded 100.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because 120 is the appendicular skeleton's four-limb total (4 x 30), not the axial count.

MCQ 3Easy RecallPractice

Which structural joint type is shown by the sutures fusing the flat bones of the skull, and how much movement does it permit?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: A. NCERT states fibrous joints, shown by the skull sutures, do not allow any movement at all (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 227).

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because cartilaginous joints are exemplified by the vertebral joints and pubic symphysis, not the skull sutures.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity and allow considerable movement, the opposite of a fused suture.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because the joint type is correctly named fibrous, but sutures permit no movement at all, not limited movement — assuming some flex is the trap.

MCQ 4Direct ApplicationPractice

A patient's scan shows decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, and the referral note attributes it to falling estrogen levels. Which disorder does this describe?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: D. NCERT lists osteoporosis as an age-related disorder of decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, commonly caused by decreased estrogen levels (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 227).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because gout is inflammation from uric acid crystal accumulation in joints, not an estrogen-linked bone-mass disorder.

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because tetany is a Ca++-deficiency muscle-spasm disorder, not a bone-mass or estrogen-linked condition.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because arthritis is joint inflammation; NCERT does not tie its cause to estrogen or bone mass loss.

MCQ 5Direct ApplicationPractice

The 9th pair of ribs does not articulate directly with the sternum but joins the 7th rib's cartilage instead. This makes it a:

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: B. NCERT states the 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs join the seventh rib via hyaline cartilage rather than connecting to the sternum directly, making them vertebrochondral (false) ribs (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 225).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because true ribs (pairs 1-7) connect directly to the sternum via their own cartilage, which the 9th pair does not.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because floating ribs (pairs 11-12) have no ventral connection at all, whereas the 9th pair does connect, just indirectly.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because costal cartilage names the connective tissue itself, not a rib category.

MCQ 6Direct ApplicationPractice

The human skull, made of cranial and facial bones, contains how many bones in total (excluding the ear ossicles and hyoid)?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: A. NCERT gives cranial bones as 8 and facial bones as 14, totalling 22 (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 224).

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because 26 is the number of units in the vertebral column, not the skull's bone count.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because 8 is only the cranial-bone subtotal, omitting the 14 facial bones.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because 14 is only the facial-bone subtotal, omitting the 8 cranial bones.

MCQ 7CalculationPractice

Given that the human skeleton has 206 bones, the axial skeleton has 80, and each of the four limbs (part of the appendicular skeleton) has 30 bones, how many bones do the pectoral and pelvic girdles together contribute?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: C. Four limbs contribute 4 x 30 = 120 bones; 206 - 80 (axial) - 120 (limbs) = 6 bones left for both girdles combined (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 224, page 226).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because 30 is a single limb's own bone count, not the girdle remainder after subtracting axial and all four limbs.

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because 12 double-counts, as if each girdle contributed 6 bones twice instead of 6 being their combined total.

Why D is wrong: D is wrong because 80 is the axial skeleton's own count, already subtracted in reaching the girdle remainder.

MCQ 8Concept TrapPractice

A student claims the vertebral column has 33 separate bones, adding 7 cervical + 12 thoracic + 5 lumbar + 5 sacral + 4 coccygeal. What is the flaw in this claim?

Show answer and why every option is right or wrong

Answer: D. NCERT describes the vertebral column as 26 serially arranged units, with the sacral and coccygeal regions each fused into a single unit (1-fused, 1-fused), not five and four separate bones (NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, page 225).

Why A is wrong: A is wrong because NCERT confirms 12 thoracic vertebrae; that count is not the flaw in the student's arithmetic.

Why B is wrong: B is wrong because NCERT states the cervical count is seven in almost all mammals including humans, not a variable count.

Why C is wrong: C is wrong because the lumbar region's 5 vertebrae are the ones that are NOT fused; the fusion applies to the sacral and coccygeal regions instead.

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How do you solve a Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders question? A worked example

  1. 1

    Given

    A NEET diagram traces one upper limb from the pectoral girdle to the fingertips, and a companion question asks the student to contrast the shoulder joint this limb forms with the sutures of the skull.

  2. 2

    Required

    The full bone sequence from girdle to digit, and the structural joint type at each of the two named connections (shoulder joint vs. skull suture).

  3. 3

    Concept

    The appendicular skeleton's upper limb runs pectoral girdle (scapula/clavicle) → humerus → radius/ulna → carpals → metacarpals → phalanges. Joints are classified by how much movement they allow: fibrous (none), cartilaginous (limited), synovial (considerable) (NCERT Chapter 17, page 226, page 227).

  4. 4

    Formula

    Not a numeric formula. The governing rule here is the fixed bone sequence of the limb plus NCERT's three-way joint classification (fibrous / cartilaginous / synovial), applied positionally along the limb.

  5. 5

    Substitution

    Starting at the pectoral girdle: the scapula's glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the shoulder joint. Distally, the humerus meets the radius and ulna, which meet 8 carpals, then 5 metacarpals, then 14 phalanges (NCERT Chapter 17, page 226).

  6. 6

    Calculation

    Counting the hand alone: 8 carpals + 5 metacarpals + 14 phalanges = 27 bones distal to the forearm. These are exact counting integers, not measurements, so they carry no sig-fig weight.

  7. 7

    Final answer

    Bone path: scapula/clavicle → glenoid cavity-humerus (shoulder joint) → radius/ulna → 8 carpals → 5 metacarpals → 14 phalanges. The shoulder joint (glenoid cavity + humeral head) is a synovial joint, allowing considerable movement; the skull sutures are fibrous joints, allowing none (NCERT Chapter 17, page 227).

  8. 8

    Common trap

    Assuming every joint permits at least some movement. A suture is rigid by design, not "slightly movable" — the fibrous/cartilaginous/synovial split is about degree of movement, and fibrous means zero.

  9. 9

    Similar NEET-style question

    Which structural joint type connects the two pubic bones (the pubic symphysis) in the pelvic girdle, and how much movement does it permit? (Answer: NCERT names the pubic symphysis as containing fibrous cartilage joining the two coxal bones ventrally — this is a cartilaginous joint, the same class as the joints between adjacent vertebrae, and it permits limited movement, not zero and not considerable.)

What to remember before solving Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders questions

Definition

Joints

Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages; force generated by muscles is used for movement through joints, which act as a fulcrum. Joints are classified into three major structural forms. Fibrous joints allow no movement, e.g. the flat skull bones fused end-to-end by dense fibrous connective tissue (sutures) forming the cranium. Cartilaginous joints join bones with cartilage and permit limited movement, e.g. between adjacent vertebrae. Synovial joints have a fluid-filled synovial cavity between articulating surfaces and allow considerable movement, including ball-and-socket (humerus-pectoral girdle), hinge (knee), pivot (atlas-axis), gliding (between carpals) and saddle (carpal-metacarpal of thumb) joints.

-- NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, p. 227

The skeletal system, made of a framework of bones and a few cartilages, has a significant role in movement. Bone has a hard matrix due to calcium salts; cartilage has a pliable matrix due to chondroitin salts. In humans, the system has 206 bones and a few cartilages, grouped into axial and appendicular skeletons. The axial skeleton comprises 80 bones along the main body axis: skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs. The skull has 22 bones in cranial (8) and facial (14) sets, plus a single U-shaped hyoid bone at the base of the buccal cavity, and three ear ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes) per middle ear.

-- NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, p. 224

The vertebral column has 26 serially arranged vertebrae, extending from the base of the skull; the first vertebra, the atlas, articulates with the occipital condyles. It is divided into cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1, fused) and coccygeal (1, fused) regions. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and back musculature. The sternum is a flat ventral midline bone of the thorax. There are 12 pairs of ribs, each bicephalic; the first 7 pairs are true ribs, the 8th-10th pairs are vertebrochondral (false) ribs joining the 7th rib, and the 11th-12th pairs are floating ribs not connected ventrally.

-- NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, p. 225

The bones of the limbs with their girdles form the appendicular skeleton. The forelimb has humerus, radius and ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges. The hindlimb has the femur (longest bone), tibia and fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges, with the patella covering the knee ventrally. Pectoral and pelvic girdles articulate the limbs with the axial skeleton; each half of the pectoral girdle has a clavicle and scapula, the scapula's acromion meeting the clavicle, and the glenoid cavity forming the shoulder joint with the humerus. Each pelvic girdle half (coxal bone) fuses ilium, ischium and pubis at the acetabulum, meeting ventrally at the pubic symphysis.

-- NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, p. 226

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle. Muscular dystrophy is progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to a genetic disorder. Tetany is rapid spasms (wild contractions) in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid. Arthritis is inflammation of joints. Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder marked by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, commonly caused by decreased estrogen levels. Gout is inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals.

-- NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17, p. 227

Where do students lose marks on Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders?

These are the exact patterns that cause wrong answers in NEET. Each trap includes when it triggers and how to avoid it.

Category: Similar Terms

Students confuse the count and ventral attachment of true, false (vertebrochondral) and floating ribs.

When it triggers

A question asks how many pairs of ribs are floating or lists rib numbers and asks which category the 9th or 12th pair belongs to.

How to avoid

The first 7 pairs are true ribs (attach directly to the sternum via hyaline cartilage), the 8th-10th pairs are vertebrochondral (false) ribs joining the 7th rib, and the 11th-12th pairs are floating ribs with no ventral connection (C11_BIO_20_FACT_09).

Category: Overthinking

Students overthink and assume all joint types permit some degree of movement.

When it triggers

A question about skull sutures asks how much movement they permit, tempting students to assume all joints, including fibrous ones, allow at least limited movement.

How to avoid

Fibrous joints, such as the sutures fusing the flat skull bones, do not allow any movement at all; only cartilaginous (limited) and synovial (considerable) joints permit movement (C11_BIO_20_DEF_11).

More in Human Physiology: 29 exam traps and mistakes · 2 formulas · 1 question pattern from its other lessons.

Locomotion Skeleton Joints Disorders questions from past NEET papers

11 questions from NEET 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026. Answers verified against NTA official keys.

NEET 2024Revised key

Match List I with List II : List I List II A. Fibrous joints I. Adjacent vertebrae, limited movement B. Cartilaginous joints II. Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movement C. Hinge joints III. Skull, don’t allow any movement D. Ball and socket joints IV. Knee, help in locomotion Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
2A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
3A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
4A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
NTA Answer: Option 4(revised_final)
NEET 2023

Match List I with List II. List I (Type of Joint) List II (Found between) A. Cartilaginous Joint I. Between flat skull bones B. Ball and Socket Joint II. Between adjacent vertebrae in vertebral column C. Fibrous Joint III. Between carpal and metacarpal of thumb D. Saddle Joint IV. Between Humerus and Pectoral girdle Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
2A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
3A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
4A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
NTA Answer: Option 1(final)
NEET 2022

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Osteoporosis is characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chance of fractures. Reason (R): Common cause of osteoporosis is increased levels of estrogen. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

1(A) is not correct but (R) is correct
2Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
3Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
4(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
NTA Answer: Option 4(final)

All 71 past-paper questions from Human Physiology →

Sources

NCERT refs: Class 11 Biology Chapter 17, p.225

Page numbers are the ones printed in the current NCERT textbook (2023 rationalised edition), unless marked pre-2023. The books are free at ncert.nic.in.

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